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An Indo-European or Indo-Aryan language, Hindi is spoken widely in the central and northern part of India. The language, or its dialects, is spoken by about 41 percent of the people of India. Several hundred languages are spoken by the people of India. The estimated number of language used is 415. In terms of language groups, the Indo-Aryan languages are spoken by about 74 percent of the population while the Dravidian languages are spoken by 24 percent, the Austro-Asiatic (Munda) by 1.2 percent and the Tibeto-Burman by 0.6 percent of the population. Some languages spoken by sections of people living in the Himalayas are not yet classified.

Hindi is the official language of India besides English. There are 22 scheduled languages in India and Hindi is one of them. Fiji, where some 48 percent speak dialects of Hindi, has Hindi as one of its official language. The origin of Hindi is said to be Prakrit. It developed local dialects like Braj and Awadhi and evolved into Khari Boli later in the tenth century. Khari Boli, the dialect spoken in the Delhi region, got Sanskritised to become Hindi. It also got Persianised to become Urdu. The persianisation was over a period of a thousand years when the region was ruled by the Mughal kings whose official language was Persian. The neighboring countries of Bangladesh, Nepal and Pakistan also understand Hindi. Some sections of people in Uganda, South Africa and Singapore also speak the language. After Mandarin (Chinese), Hindi-Urdu is ranked second in terms of the most spoken language, spoken by about 429 million people. A broad variety of Hindi languages including Bundeli, Brij Bhasha, Khari Boli, Kannauji, Awadhi, Maithili, Marwari, Bhojpuri, Magadhi and Bihari languages together is considered to constitute the Hindi language.

However, there is the standardized Hindi which is taught in schools across India. The official Hindi used by the government is heavily Sanskritised with the Persian, Arabic and English words removed. However, the Hindi used in the media is more neutralized. The government of India officially has been promoting Hindi learning.

Hindi and Urdu were two standardized form of what is actually one language in the early 19^th century with Hindi being identified with the Devanagari script while Urdu was identified with the Perso-Arabic script. Devanagari script was originally used to write Sanskrit. It was only later that Hindi and Urdu began to be treated as separate languages.

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